Sunday, April 22, 2012

Some Final Thoughts on the Future of Distance Education


          As I sit here at my computer and contemplate my assignment to consider the future of distance education, I can't help but think of my grandmother.  My sister and I are the fourth generation of teachers in our family.  Our grandmother was a teacher for thirty years, and easily had the greatest influence on both of us deciding to become educators.  Truth be told as I would go to my grandma's classroom and help her decorate or clean, or whatever she needed, I really couldn't imagine myself being anything else.  I loved her classroom, and I wanted one just like hers.  My grandmother's very first teaching job was in a one-room schoolhouse that served the farm kids of southern Michigan.  She was teacher, custodian, woodchopper, school nurse, and principal.  For her, distance education meant the number of miles students would walk in order to get to school.  I often wonder what she would think of education today.  What would her thoughts be on the subject of distance education and its future? 
            I had an excellent opportunity this week to explore the question of the future of distance education with some of my fellow teachers, and when I reflect on that conversation, I realize though distance education has a bright future, there is much that will need to change in terms of perceptions as to its validity, improvement in design, and implementation that can reach into every level of education. 
            Distance education is not a new concept.  There has been some form of distance education for well over a century (Tracey, & Richey, 2005).  However, distance education has seen incredible growth over the past several years due to advances in technology (Tracey, & Richey, 2005).  These advances in technology have led to greater awareness and acceptance of degrees and achievements gained because of distance learning.  Reasons beyond awareness for this greater acceptance include, a greater number of people having experiences with distance education (Siemens, n.d.), greater practical experience with technology commonly used in the practice of distance education (Siemens, n.d.), expanded ideas of how people can interact and increase discourse using advanced technology (Siemens, n.d.), and a greater understanding in the private sector as to the cost benefits of increasing communication world-wide without having to increase travel budgets (Siemens, n.d.).  As technology continues to quickly advance, it would be practical to think distance education will gain even more acceptance in the very near future, and may one day be thought of with equal reverence as traditional face-to-face education. 
            There are those who feel distance education can never be as effective as a traditional face-to-face learning environment.  Opponents of distance education point to studies that show high incompletion rates in distance education (Larson, 2011).  Others point to qualitative data that documents student dissatisfaction with distance education due to a lack of interaction with instructors and fellow classmates (Simonson, Smaldino, Albright, & Zvacek, 2012).  Granted, there is much in distance education that is still a work in progress.  For instance, distance education is seen by some as a cure all for every ill in education.  Unfortunately, those who make policy in education are implementing programs in distance education without really understanding the theory behind sound distance learning practice (Huett, Moller, Foshay, & Coleman, 2008). 
            With colleges and universities racing to become a part of the trend toward distance education, some have taken short cuts when it comes to developing their distance programs (Moller, Foshay, Huett, 2008).  They have relied on faculty and staff to use a craft approach to developing distance programs (Moller, et al, 2008).  Unfortunately, this craft approach lacks effective application of distance theory (Moller, et al, 2008).  If distance education is to reach its full potential, it must be designed by those with a strong knowledge base in distance learning theory and instructional design for distance education in combination with subject matter experts.  The role of the instructional designer in the acceptance of distance education cannot be overlooked.  Distance education that is created with the principles of systematic well planned design, implementation and evaluation will be the difference in the success of online education.  It will be instructional designers who help subject matter experts and instructors make better decisions about content and delivery methods (Simonson, et al, 2012).  With better practices in place, learner satisfaction and outcomes from distance education will improve.
            As distance education continues to grow, it would seem that its potential and impact on education will be immense (Beldarrain, 2006).  The emergence of new technologies coupled with growing positive perceptions will bring about disruptive change in education (Grush, 2012).  As an instructional designer in distance education, it will be my job to ensure the change is brought about in ways that will ensure best practices.  The result of this theory driven systematic approach to design will be positive, effective distance learning experiences for instructors and learners.  
           
References
Beldarrain, Y. (2006). Distance education trends: Integrating new technologies to foster
            student interaction and collaboration. Distance Education, 27(2) 139-153.

Grush, M. (2010, May 26). Josh Baron on education technology and disruptive change.
            Retrieved from http://campustechnology.com/Articles/2010/05/26/Josh-Baron-on-
            Education-Technology-and-Disruptive-Change.aspx?Page=1.

Huett, J., Moller, L., Foshay, W., & Coleman. (2008).  The evolution of distance education:
            Implications for instructional design on the potential of the web (Part 3:K12). Tech
            Trends, 52(5), 63-67.

Moller, L., Fshay, W., & Guett, J. (2008). The evolution of distance education: Implications
            for instructional design on the potential of the web (Part 2: Higher Education). Tech
            Trends 52(4), 66-70.

Siemens, G. (Writer) (n.d.) The future of distance education [Web]. Retrieved from http://
          sylvan.live.ecollege.com/ec/crs/default.learn?CourseID=6493362&Survey=1&47=
          8884161&ClientNodeID=984650&coursenav=1&bhcp=1.


Simonson, M., Smaldino, S., Albright, M., Zvacek, S. (2012). Teaching and learning at a distance: 
          Foundations of distance education (5th ed.) Boston, MA: Pearson.

Tracey, M., Richey, R. (2005).  The evolution of distance education. Distance Learning 2(6),
          17-21



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